中考词形变换

1.动词→名词

（1)v.+er(or/r)

表示相应动作的人或者职业

win→winner

play→player

listen→listener

love→lover

sleep→sleeper

work→worker

act→actor

direct→director

dance→dancer

design→designer

report→reporter

lead→leader

own→owner

drive→driver

speak→speaker

travel→traveler/traveller

sing→singer

write→writer

run→runner

invent→inventor

visit→visitor

dive→diver

explore→explorer

light→fighter

paint→painter

manage-→manager

interview→interviewer

（2)u+ing

表示相应动作的名词

swim→swimming

cook→cooking

draw→drawing

hike→hiking

meet→meeting

paint→painting

read→reading

begin→beginning

build→building

write→writing

walk→walking

skate→skating

ski→skiing

mean→meaning

feel→feeling

（3)v.+tion/ation/sion

大多为抽象名词

operate→operation

organize→organization

collect→collection

communicate→communication

congratulate→congratulation

direct→direction

donate→donation

educate→education

introduce→introduction

invent→invention

invite→invitation

celebrate→celebration

suggest→suggestion

pollute→pollution

protect→protection

act→action

pronounce→pronunciation

connect→connection

consider→consideration

correct→correction

create→creation

describe→description

examine→examination

imagine→imagination

produce→production

compete→competition

compose→composition

decide→decision

discuss→discussion

express→expression

（4)v.+ment

大多为抽象名词

govern→government

develop→development

agree→agreement

manage→management

achieve→achievement

treat→treatment

enjoy→enjoyment

excite→excitement

improve→improvement

move→movement

punish→punishment

（5)其他

choose→choice

die→death

marry→marriage

serve→service

think→thought

weigh→weight

act→actress

appear→appearance

succeed→success

fail→failure

discover→discovery

2.动词→形容词

（1)v.+ing/ed(d)

＋ing修饰物，v+ed修饰人

excite→exciting/excited

amaze →amazing/amazed

satisfy-→satisfying/salisfied

frighten→frightening/frightened

interest-→interesting/interested

relax→relaxing/relaxed

bore→boring/bored

tire→tiring/tired

surprise→surprising/surprised

please→pleasing/pleased

（2)e.+tive

act-→active

create-→creative

compare→comparative

（3)其他

wake→awake

live→alive

sleep→asleep

die→dead

3.形容词→副词

（1)adj. +ly

careful→carefully

cheap→cheaply

certain→certainly

brave→bravely

different-→differently

clear→clearly

beautiful→beautifully

bright→brightly

correct→correctly

deep→deeply

final→finally

polite→politely

usual→usually

wide→widely

slow-+slowly

recent→recently

regular→regularly

quick→quickly

safe→safely

（2)变y为i+ly

easy→easily

happy→happily

heavy→heavily

lucky→luckily

unlucky→unluckily

healthy→healthily

（3)去e+y

（im)possible→(im)possibly

probable→probably

simple→simply

comfortable→comfortably

4.形容词→名词

（1)adj. +ness

happy→happiness

kind→kindness

sick→sickness

sad→sadness

shy→shyness

ill→illness

（2)adj. (-e)+(i)ty(y)

safe→safety

difficult→difficulty

active→activity

creative→creativity

possible→possibility

impossible→impossibility

international→internationality

social→sociality

electric→electricity

（3)adj.-t+ce

silent→silence

confident→confidence

patient→patience

different→difference

important→importance

excellent→excellence

absent→absence

（4)其他

weigh→weight

high→height

deep→depth

true→truth

young→youth

foreign→foreigner

strange→stranger

medical→medicine

free→freedom

basic→basis

5.名词→形容词

（1)n. +y

多为表示天气的名词

snow→snowy

sun→sunny

cloud→cloudy

fog→foggy

shine→shiny

rain→rainy

wind→windy

taste→tasty

health→healthy

noise→noisy

fun→funny

luck→lucky

sleep→sleepy

salt→salty

（2)n.+ful

多为抽象意义的名词

wonder→wonderful

colour/color→colourful/colorful

cheer→cheerful

success→successful

power→powerful

peace→peaceful

care→careful

help→helpful

use→useful

harm→harmful

meaning→meaningful

beauty→beautiful

joy→joyful

pain→painful

power→powerful

truth-→truthful

force→forceful

thank→thankful

regret→regretful

（3)n. +al

person→personal

tradition→traditional

music→musical

education→educational

culture→cultural

nature→natural

practice→practical

centre→central

type→typical

society→social

（4)n.+less

相应形容词的反义词

care→careless

hope→hopeless

help→helpless

harm→harmless

home→homeless

use→useless

meaning→meaningless

end→endless

（5)n.+ly

多为表示时间的名词

day→daily

week→weekly

love→lovely

friend→friendly

（6)n.+e(r)n

n.+em,多为表示方位的名词；

n.+en,多为表示物质的名词

north→northern

south→southern

west→western

east→eastern

wood→wooden

gold→golden

（7)n.+ous

多为抽象意义的名词

humor→humorous

danger→dangerous

courage→courageous

fame→famous

（8)n.+able

value→valuable

fashion→fashionable

comfort→comfortable

knowledge→knowledgeable

reason→reasonable

reuse→reusable

（9)表示国家的名词变形容词

America→American

Britain→British

Chin→Chinese

England→English

France→French

Japan→Japanese

Germany→German

India→Indian

Italy→Italian

（10)其他

energy→energetic

fool→foolish

pride→proud

hunger→hungry

6.名词→名词

（1)n.+ist

表示相应的职业

science→scientist

art→artist

piano→pianist

tour→tourist

violin→violinist

（2)n. +ian

表示相应的职业

history→historian

magic→magician

music→musician

library→librarian

（3)其他

birth→birthday

friend→friendship

class→classmate

farm→farmer

7.加前缀un,dis,im,in变反义词

（1)加un-变反义词

comfortable→uncomfortable

able→unable

friendly→unfriendly

fair→unfair

like→unlike

happy→unhappy

necessary→unnecessary

pleasant→unpleasant

popular→unpopular

usual→unusual

lucky→unlucky

easy→uneasy

crowded→uncrowded

expected→unexpected

believable→unbelievable

（2)加dis-变反义词

appear→disappear

cover→discover

honest→dishonest

like→dislike

agree→disagree

appoint→disappoint

belief→disbelief

able→disable

（3)加im-变反义词

patient→impatient

possible→impossible

polite→impolite

（4)加in-变反义词

dependent→independent

expensive→inexpensive

correct→incorrect

共计350个

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