模板(Template)指C++程序设计语言中采用类型作为参数的程序设计

1、函数模板

template void swap1(T& a, T& b);
int main() {
  	int num1 = 10;
    int num2 = 20;
    int& a = num1;
    int& b = num2;
    swap1(a, b);
    printf("num1=%d num2=%dn",num1,num2);
    float f1 = 1.234f;
    float f2 = 2.345f;
    float& c = f1;
    float& d = f2;
    swap1(c, d);
    printf("f1=%.3f f2=%.3fn",f1,f2);
}
template void swap1(T& a, T& b) {
    T temp;
    temp = a;
    a = b;
    b = temp;
}

2、类模板

//
templateclass Stack {
public:
    Stack();
    ~Stack();
    void push(T t);
    T pop();
    bool isEmpty();
private:
    T* m_pT;
    int m_max_size;
    int m_size;
};
//Stack.hpp
templateclass Stack {
public:
    Stack();
    ~Stack();
    void push(T t);
    T pop();
    bool isEmpty();
private:
    T* m_pT;
    int m_max_size;
    int m_size;
};

//
int main() {
  Stack intStack;
    intStack.push(1);
    intStack.push(2);
    intStack.push(3);
    while (!intStack.isEmpty()) {
        printf("num:%dn",intStack.pop());
    }
}

//Stack.cpp
#include "Stack.hpp"
template Stack::Stack() {
    m_max_size = 100;
    m_size = 0;
    m_pT = new T[m_max_size];
}
template Stack::~Stack() {
    delete [] m_pT;
}
//入栈
template void Stack::push(T t) {
    m_pT[m_size++] = t;
}
//出栈
template T Stack::pop() {
    T t = m_pT[--m_size];
    return t;
}
//判断栈空
template bool Stack::isEmpty() {
    return m_size == 0;
}