1. be made of / be made from
Ⅰ. be made of “由……制成/造”成品看得出原料。如:
The desk is made of wood. 这张桌子是木头制成的。
Ⅱ. be made from “由……制造/成”成品看不出原料。如;
Paper is made from rags.纸是由破布做的。(已看不出原料)
2. be pleased with/ at/ to
Ⅰ. be pleased with “对……人/物,感到满意”介词with后接人或物。 如:
① Both Mark and her mother were pleased with the girl. 马克和他妈妈都有喜欢这个女孩。
② I wasn’t very pleased with / at my exam results. 我对自己的考试成绩不太满意。
Ⅱ. be pleased at “对……某事/物,感到满意”。介词at 常与事物搭配使用。
He was very pleased at the news.他对这个消息感到很满意。
Ⅲ. be pleased to “乐意……;因……而高兴”。to 不是介词,而是小品词。后接动词原形。如:
① I shall be pleased to go. 我将乐意去。
② We are quite pleased to be working in this country. 能在这个国家工作,我们是十分高兴的。
3. be sure of/ be sure to do/ be sure that
Ⅰ.be sure of “确信对……有把握”后接名词、代词或动词-ing 形式,表对客观事物有肯定的认识和判断,主语必须是人。如:
① As David joined our team, we are sure of winning the game this time.
由于David参加了我们的球队,我们这次有把握取胜。
② You may be sure of his honesty. 你可以确信他的诚实。
Ⅱ.be sure to “一定,肯定”,后接不定式,往往表示局外人的推测,评论,主语不一定是人,如:
① It is sure to rain tomorrow. 明天一定会下雨。
② He is sure to win.他一定会赢的。
▲ 用于祈使句时作“务必,切切”之意,如:
① Be sure to come tomorrow. 你明天一定要来
② Be sure to forget it . 千万别忘了。
Ⅲ. be sure that 从句。“认为……一定会”主语必须是人,连词that 可省略。它后面还可以接由wheher, 或where, when, who 等引导名词性从句。这时主句通常是否定式。如:
① He is wure that he will succeed. 他确信会成功
② I am not sure where I left my notebook. 我不能确定我的笔记本丢在什么地方了。
4. be sure/ make sure
Ⅰ. be sure 指某人对某事或对某种情况有把握,常译为:“确信”;make sure 指“务必、务请、确保”将某事弄清楚。如:
① I am sure that he is honest. 我相信他是诚实的。
② I have made sure that he is honest. 我已了解清楚他是诚实的。
Ⅱ. 二者后面均可接of 或about 引出的短语。如:
① I am sure of success = I am sure that I will succeed.我深信会成功。
② Will you make sure of his return? = Will you make sure that he returned? 请你查明他是否真的回来了。好吗?
Ⅲ. make sure 后面的that 从句一般不用或很少用将来时;
be sure 后面的that从句则可用将来时。如:
① Make sure that you come here before five. 你一定要在5点前来。
② I am sure that he will come. 我相信他一定会来的。
Ⅳ. 两者后面接不定式,均表示“一定要做某事”,但make sure 通常只用于祈使句;而be sure 则不受限制。如:
①to come to party on time. 一定要准时来参加晚会。
② He is sure to call you up. 他准会给你打电话的。
5. be surprised/ in surprise
Ⅰ. be surprised 为“动词+形容词”结构,在句中作谓语,意为:“感到吃惊”. be surprised at 表“对……感到吃惊”
Ⅱ. in surprise为“介词+名词”结构。在句中作状语。意为:“吃惊地”。如:
① She was surprised. 她感到吃惊。
② Everybody was surprised at you. 大家都对你感到吃惊。
③ John turned round and looked at him in surprise. 约翰转过身去,吃惊地看着他。
6. be used for/ be used as/ be used by
Ⅰ. be used for “(被)用来做……”,强调用途或作用。
Ⅱ. be used as “(被)作为……而用”,强调被当作工具或手段来用。
Ⅲ. be used by “被……使用”,by后跟人物,强调使用者。如:
① Keys are used for opening locks. 钥匙是用来开锁的。
② “Swim” can be used as a noun. “Swim”可作名词用。
③ Recorders are often used by English teachers. 英语教师经常使用录音机。
④ Wood can be used for making paper. 木材能用来造纸。
7. be worth+n/ be worth doing sth
Ⅰ. be worth +n(表“值”“价值”) “……值(钱,等)”。
① What is your car worth? 这辆车值多少钱?
② This house is worth £20,000. 这幢房子值两万磅。
③ It might be worth a lot of money. 它可能值很多钱。
Ⅱ. be worth doing. ……值得干某事。表达的意义是被动意义。动词必须是及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语,这个句子的主语在逻辑上是后面动词的宾语。如:
① That film is worth seeing. 那部片子值得一看。
② The report is worth listening to . 这报告值得听。
[注]:表“很值得”要用well worth. 如:
① The film is well worth seeing . 这电影很值得一看。
8. beach/ bank/ coast/ shore
Ⅰ. beach “海滨、海滩、湖滩”指高水位与低水位之间的滩地。如:
On the hot sunny summer’s day, on the beach you can feel how hot the sand gets. 在炎热而晴朗的夏天,在滩下会觉得沙子有多烫。
Ⅱ. bank 指河流或湖泊的“岸”或“堤”,如:
① He swam to the bank. 他游向了岸边。
Ⅲ. coast “海岸、海滨”指海与陆地相接的线,是地理学上的用语。如:
② They sailed along the coast. 他们沿海岸航行。
Ⅳ. shore “岸”指海、洋、湖或大河之岸而言,有较强的与水相对的意思。如:
His fisherman went to the shore before daybreak. 渔夫在天亮前就到海岸上去了。
9. beat/ hit/ strike/ knock
Ⅰ. beat 着重“连续地击打”如殴打或体罚,也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方。如:
① Don’t beat the child 不要打孩子。
② In the end their enemies were beaten. 最后他们把敌人打败了。
③ He beat the world record in high jump. 他打破了跳高世界纪录。
Ⅱ. hit 往往与strike通用,但严格地说,hit指“打中”或“对准……来打”,着重敲打或打击对方的某一点。如:
① The stone hit him on the head. 石头击中了他的头。
② I hit the target. 我击中了目标。
Ⅲ. strike 是很普通的用词,通常表示“打一下、打若干下”等意思,不一定都是有意的。Strike还可以表示“擦着(火柴)”的意思。如:
① He struck the man on the head. 他(一拳)打在那人的头上。
② Immediately Holmes jumped up from the bed and struck a match. 福尔摩斯立即从床上跳起来,划着一根火柴。
Ⅳ. knock “敲;撞击;打”常与at/on, down连用。如:
You should knock on/ at the door before coming in the teacher’s office. 你应该在进老师办公室时敲敲门。
10. both/ either / neither
三者都是在谈到两个人或东西时用的。可用作代词、形容词、连词。
Ⅰ. 作代词时:both “两者都”. either “两者中任何一个”. neither “两者中任何一个都不”。作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,可作同位语。而either 和 neither 则用单数形式,不可作同位语。如:
① Both of us are teachers.
② Either of you can do it.
③ Neither of the answerws is right. 两个答案都不对。
④ They both skate well. 他们两人都会滑冰。
Ⅱ. 作形容词时:both 修饰名词的复数形式。Neither 和 either修饰名词的单数形式。如:
① Neither film is very long.两部电影都不长。
② You may use either pencil. 你可用这两支笔中的任何一支。
③ Both pencils are blue. 两支铅笔都是蓝色的。
Ⅲ. 作连词时:neither 与nor 连用,“既不……也不……”;either 和 or 连用:“或是……或是……” “要么……要么……”连接两个主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则。而both 却与and 相连。连接主语时谓语动词用复数。如:
① Neither Jack nor I have seen the film.杰克和我都没看过这影片。
② Either you or I am wrong.不是你错就是你错。
③ Both John and Mike are good at swimming. 约翰和麦克都擅长游泳。