词汇是英语学习的基础,分析近几年的高考真题,不难发现熟词生义、一词多义已然成为命题重点和难点。接下来我们来看一下2019年高考真题中考查到的熟词生义。
1.trip 熟义:n. 旅行 生义:v. 绊倒
高考原句:(2019全国I 阅读B)
Chris trips on the “-ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. .
克里斯在发“-ld”音时磕巴了,许多母语不是英语的人在发这个音时都有点困难。
巧记词义:
trip作动词时有“绊倒”的意思,可以理解为走路磕磕绊绊,在这话中引申为“说话磕磕绊绊”,即“磕巴”。
巩固练习:
① She tripped on the stairs and almost fell. 释义: 绊倒
② She took a trip to Europe. 释义:旅行
2. mean 熟义:v. 意思是 生义:adj. 不善良的,刻薄的
高考原句:(2019全国 I阅读D)
Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids.
而在我进入少年、青少年之后,遇到了很多坏女孩和酷女孩。
巧记词义:
mean的熟义和生义差得有点远,生义虽然不常见,但Mean Girls(《贱女孩》)这部很有名的电影大家可能比较熟悉。影片讲述的是女主人公转到一所高中后,慢慢加入到了一个“坏女孩组织”,但在最后成长蜕变的故事。相信看了这部电影后,你会对mean这个词有更深刻的理解。
巩固练习:
① Why are you being so mean to me? 释义:刻薄的
② In modern Welsh, “glas” means “blue”. 释义:意思是
3.tap 熟义:v. 轻敲,轻拍 生义:v. 发掘,利用
高考原句:(2019全国I 阅读D)
The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.
讨人喜欢的人能与他人很好地相处,从而增强校园友谊,激发人际交往能力。这些能力如能及早发掘,将会在未来的工作和生活中得以应用。
巧记词义:
可以将熟义和生义联合起来记忆:拍拍脑门,灵感便来。灵感便是发掘大脑的结果。
巩固练习:
① Grace tapped on the bedroom door and went in. 释义:轻敲,轻拍
② We need to tap the professional knowledge of the people we already have. 释义:发掘,利用
4.employ 熟义:v. 雇用 生义:v. 应用,利用
高考原句:(2019全国I 阅读D)
The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.
讨人喜欢的人能与他人很好地相处,从而增强校园友谊,激发人际交往能力。这些能力如能及早发掘,将会在未来的工作和生活中得以应用。
巧记词义:
employ作“雇用”时讲,它的对象是人,作“应用”时讲,它的对象是物。二者都有用的意思,只不过对象不同。
巩固练习:
① You should find better ways to employ your time. 释义:利用
② She’s been employed as a gardener for many years. 释义:雇佣
5.shade 熟义:n. 阴凉处,背阴 生义:n. 浓淡深浅;色度
高考原句:(2019全国I 完型)
I count twelve shades of green from where I stand.
我看到了十二种深浅不一的绿色。
巧记词义:
物体的阴影——阴凉处,背阴;颜色的阴影——浓淡深浅。
巩固练习:
① These plants grow well in shade. 释义:阴凉处
② The walls were painted in two shades of green. 释义:色度
6.read 熟义:v. 阅读 生义:n. (好的 / 有意思的)书(或文章等)
高考原句:
Here she picks her top reads.
这里她选出了几本最好的书.
巧记词义:
此词较好理解和记忆,作动词讲是“阅读”书,作名词讲是被阅读的“书”。
巩固练习:
① The book is an easy read. 释义:书
② Have you read this book? 释义:阅读
7.escape 熟义:v. 逃跑 生义:n. 解脱;消遣
高考原句:
A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.
午餐时的暂时解脱能让她免受老板的差遣.
巧记词义:
解脱其实就是一种逃离,逃离自己不喜欢的事物或环境。
巩固练习:
① For me television is an escape. 释义:消遣
②They are reported to have escaped to the other side of the border. 释义:逃离
8.home熟义:n. 家 生义:n. 发源地
高考原句:
… A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion shows. 美国A+E电视网公司是一家环球传媒公司、举办过一些大型时装秀。
巧记词义:
home的基本义是“家”,某事物的家便是其“发源地”.
巩固练习:
① New Orleans, the home of jazz. 释义:发源地
② While travelling she missed the comforts of home. 释义:家
9.fuel熟 义:n. 燃料生义:v. 刺激,加强
高考原句:
… how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. 几个世纪以来中国是如何启迪时尚想象力的。
巧记词义:
fuel的基本义是“燃料”,给某一事物不断地提供燃料,便是“加强、刺激”某物。这是一个由具体到抽象的过程。
巩固练习:
① By now the plane was running out of fuel. 释义:燃料
②The criticism she has faced has only fueled her determination to succeed. 释义:加强
10.value 熟义:n. 价值 生义:n. 值,数值
高考原句: (2019全国III阅读D)
… they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination. 猴子们在运算,而不仅仅是记住每次相加的数值。
巧记词义:
商品的“价值”可以用具体的“数值”来体现。由“价值”到“数值”是由抽象到具体的转变。
巩固练习:
① If x + 3 = 5, what is the value of x? 释义:数值
②I believe that all that you go through here must have some value. 释义:价值
11.attack 熟义:v. 袭击 生义:v. 抨击
高考原句: (2019全国III七选五)
When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student.
当一名学生在社交媒体上公然抨击一名教授时,他/她所使用的语言已经很说明这个学生的问题了。
巧记词义:
身体的攻击是“袭击”;言语的攻击是“抨击”。
巩固练习:
① We should attack the enemy from behind. 释义:袭击
② There have been many attacks against the professor for her position on the issue. 释义:抨击
12.live熟义:v. 住;活着 生义:adv. 在现场直播
高考原句:
After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours. 当披头士应邀参加BBC的现场直播后,他们通过全国巡演迅速在英国蹿红。
巧记词义:
“现场直播”的内容都是当场产生的,是“鲜活”的。
巩固练习:
① The show is going out live. 释义:直播
② The doctor said he only had six month to live. 释义:活
13.single熟义:adj. 单一的,单个的 生义:n. 一元纸币
高考原句:(2019浙江阅读B)
Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. 标牌上的钞票大多是一元纸币,但有几个人留下了五元的,十元的,甚至是二十元的纸币。
巧记词义:
single的基本义是“单个的”,单个的纸币便是“一元纸币”。
巩固练习:
① He sent her a single rose. 释义:一个
② Do you have five singles for this five? 释义:一元纸币
14.across 熟义:prep. 从……的一边到另一边 生义:adv. 宽
高考原句:
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests …
在加州46 000多平方英里的森林中,直径大于两英尺的树木数量减少了50%。
巧记词义:
一个物体从一边到另一边的长度便是这个物体的“宽”。
巩固练习:
① The snails are no larger than one centimeter across. 释义:宽
② We saw them walking across the street. 释义:跨过
15.name熟义:n. 名字,名称生义:v. 选中,评为
高考原句:
John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year.
约翰·列侬和保罗·麦卡特尼被评为年度最佳作曲家。
巧记词义:
被“选中”、被“评为”的过程就是一个被冠以某一“称号(名称)”的过程。
巩固练习:
① She has been named the winner of the competition. 释义:评为
② Please sign your name on this line. 释义:名字