通常我们把系动词分为六大类:
状态系动词,感官系动词,变化系动词,持续系动词,表象系动词,终止系动词。
1.状态系动词:通常表示主语的特征、状态和身份等 ,只有be动词,例如:
He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)
He is a famous scientist.他是一位有名的科学家
注意:主语不同,be的形式也不同,且有时态的变化。
2.感官系动词:feel, smell, sound, taste.
This flower smells very sweet.
这朵花闻起来很香。
The soup tastes good.
这碗汤尝起来很美味。
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
这种布摸起来很软。
注意:
The chef is tasting the food.
厨师正在品尝食物。
The food is tasted by the chef .
厨师品尝了食物。
3.变化系动词:这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
He became mad after that.
自那之后,他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time.
她没多长时间就富了。
一般情况下,系动词没有进行时态, 但是这些表示变化类的系动词,是可以用进行时态的,例如
It was becoming cold, so we lit the fire. 天气变冷了,所以我们点起了火。
另外某些含有变化意义的动态系动词如get, become, grow, turn等的进行时态可与形容词的比较级连用,表示渐进过程,其意思是“越来越……”。
Our life is becoming better and better.
我们的生活变得越来越好了。
4.持续系动词:用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand。
He always keeps silent at meeting.
他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter remains a mystery.
此事仍是一个谜。
5.表像系动词用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look。
He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very sad.
他看起来很伤心。
6.终止系动词:表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实","变成"之意。
The rumor proved false.
这谣言证实有假。
His plan turned out a success.
他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)
中学英语常考“系动词”13 个(重点中的重点)在主系表结构的英文句子中,系动词(也叫连系动词) 作用就好像一条纽带,把主语和表语系在一起。表语的作用是描述主语的“样子”,常由形容词来担任,也可以是名词和介词短语。中学常见的系动词:
1. be动词:在现在时中,有 am,is,are 三种形式,过去时中,am 和 is 变成 was,are 变成 were。be 有现在分词形式 being,还有过去分词 been 。例如:
He was busy. 他当时很忙。
The road is being under repair.
路正在修。
I have been very busy these days.
这些天我一直很忙。
2. look:看上去,如:
You look ill. 你看上去病了。
3. feel:感觉起来,摸起来,如:
Silk feels smooth. 丝绸摸起来很光滑。
4. sound:听起来,听上去,如:
Sounds great. 听起来不错。此句省去了主语 It,所以 sound 后面+s。
5. smell:闻起来,如:
The socks smell terrible.
这袜子难闻死了。
6. taste:尝起来,吃起来,如:
It tastes good. 很好吃。
7. seem【重要】:看起来,看上去,这个词是中学英语学习的重点,因为 seem 后面跟的花样比较多:
Damin seemed annoyed.
大明似乎生气了。(后跟形容词)
Damin seemed to be annoyed.
大明似乎生气了。(后跟不定式)
It seemed that Damin was annoyed.
大明似乎生气了。(It seems that 句型)
8. become:表示“开始变得”,往往强调一个新状态的开始,如:
He became angry.
他变得生气了。(此前并不生气)
9. turn:性质、状态、形态或颜色等方面发生转变;变成,如:
Lisa turned red. 丽莎脸红了。
10. grow:逐渐变得,慢慢变得(强调有个变化过程),如:
He grew braver after this.
这之后,他变得更加勇敢。
11. get:形成某种状态,达到一个指明的状态;变得,如:
It' s getting dark. 天色越来越暗。
12. go:变成,往往表示变成不好的状态,如:
She went mad. 她疯了。
The food is going bad. 食物变质了。
13. fall:进入另一种状态;变成;成为。
He fell asleep. 他睡着了。
部分系动词的用法:
1. 连系动词 be (am,is,are)后根据情况可自由地接不定式作表语:
My dream is to be a scientist.
我的梦想是当一名科学家。
All you have to do is to listen.
你只需要听。
2. seem, appear, prove等词常可接不定式,以to be结构的不定式最为常见。
He appeared to be very strong.
他看起来非常强壮。
She doesn't seem to have changed much.
她好像没有多大的变化。
Their theory proved to be correct.
它们的理论证明是对的。
3.可用于“It+系动词+that从句”结构的有:seem, appear, 不可用be, look。
It seemed that he had made some serious mistakes in his work.
好像他在工作中犯了严重错误。
It appeared that he was talking to himself.
好像他在自言自语。
4.能用两种否定形式的系动词有两个:seem, appear.
It doesn't seem that we can get our money back.
= It seems that we can't get our money back.
He seems not to be her father.
= He doesn't seem to be her father.
The baby doesn't appear to be awake.
= The baby appears not to be awake